Most likely the Hydrogen will transported in the form of NH3. Are we ready to receive larger quantities of NH3 and how will we store and treat it?

There is a great demand for sustainable feedstock and energy in the Netherlands and the rest Europe. It’s expected that a significant part of this future energy requirement will have to be imported due a lack of sufficient wind and sun in Europe. Hydrogen and derivatives like ammonia can be used to transport this sustainable energy and feedstock over large distances. The need for these imports has also been expressed by the European Commission and in the national Hydrogen Strategies published by f.e. The Netherlands and Germany. Countries with an enormous availability of sun and wind can produce hydrogen/ammonia on a large scale which can be imported in Europe. Tankterminals play a crucial role accommodating these imports. They have a strong internationally orientation and have the needed finance, infrastructure, permits, knowledgeable people and experience to safely store big industrial amounts of current but also future feedstock and energy.

Update on ammonia public perception, steps AEA is taking, what is needed for ammonia public perception in Europe and worldwide.

As a P2X project developer, Flexens offers a unique perspective related to both supply and demand of future e-fuels. This presentation will elaborate on ammonia as a maritime fuel from the perspective of a project developer. The maritime industry is incrementally increasing its pace en route towards decarbonisation. On a global level in 2022, the IEA estimates that international shipping accounted for about 2% of global energy-related CO2 emissions, and the equivalent percentage in the EU was 3-4%, in 2021. E-fuels (electric fuels) produced with clean energy present an attractive alternative in this decarbonisation journey and will see the formation of new value chains, actors and parterships going forward.

This presentation will focus on the value brought by operator training simulators that match the process behavior at the
highest precision. Three solutions related to ammonia will be showcased: a) Conventional grey ammonia OTS b)
Ammonia storage tank OTS c) Green Ammonia OTS. The key features of a high-fidelity OTS, which replicates DCS
functionality and accurately simulates plant dynamic behavior across the whole operating range, will be
presented. NH3 process-specific case studies will be discussed with the aim of quantifying cost savings and
highlighting the impact in terms of safety, emissions, operational efficiency, and optimization

Because of its interesting properties as a refrigerant, ammonia is widely used in large refrigeration units. With a thermochemical sorption heat pump based on ammonia (TSHPa), it’s possible to produce on demand heat and/or cooling. For this, a thermal source is needed and can come from solar thermal energy or even waste heat from the industry. The latter is often at less than 150 °C, and with a correctly designed TSHPa the temperature can be transformed to a range of temperatures going from -30 °C up to 200 °C, to reduce energy consumption and therefore emissions. To understand how it works, a description of the system and potential use cases will be presented.

In this presentation, we will provide an overview of Honeywell’s Digital Hydrogen solution, designed to unlock the full potential of clean Ammonia production by leveraging process knowledge, digital twin, optimization and artificial intelligence to automate design, engineering, start up, operations and maintenance of an integrated “Grid to Gate” clean ammonia asset.

It is over one hundred years since the Haber-Bosch process was established for the production of ammonia. Since then, the dominant catalysts have been based on either ruthenium or iron with optimum rates limited by the catalyst surface’s proclivity (or otherwise) for nitrogen. Alternative methods of ammonia synthesis have not yet reached the overall efficiency of the Haber-Bosch process.

In this presentation, I will show our latest results on sodium-based, inorganic catalysts for ammonia synthesis. These catalysts, developed from our ammonia decomposition catalyst technology, require no transition metals, nor chemical looping process, yet are very active at Haber-Bosch temperatures and pressures (and possibly below as well). Their precursors also have an untold history that stretches back before that of even Haber’s work. While still in early TRL, these catalysts have a potential for usage in intermittent applications. The work has been funded by the ARENHA EU Horizon 2020 project.

Amogy’s ammonia-to-electrical power system utilizes proprietary ammonia cracking technology to split ammonia into its base elements of hydrogen and nitrogen and then funnels the hydrogen into the fuel cell to generate clean electricity. Unlike traditional combustion engines, Amogy’s technology produces zero carbon emissions at the point of use, marking a significant breakthrough in the utilisation of ammonia as a fuel and sustainable power generation.

Decarbonization of ammonia production has been a matter of interest in the recent years. A sustainable Power-to-Ammonia opportunity is through the electrolysis of water or steam for hydrogen production instead of the current SMR. This study is framed within the H2GIGA flagship project, specifically in the scale-up project AEL4GW, and addresses the production of green ammonia via the electrolysis of water and steam through alkaline and solid oxide electrolyzer coupled with a Haber-Bosch process. A conceptual design is simulated for 100 MW electrolysis plant and assessed.

Our innovative steam reformer catalyst, which has many global references, is able to reduce the Carbon footprint substantially in a conventional steam reformer due to excellent heat transfer characteristics. We have proven that the fuel reduction could be from 5 to 10% which directly translates to lower CO2 emissions. Apart from this, the catalyst offers many distinct advantages such as lower pressure drop, ease of loading, very high strength (resilient to upsets) etc.,

The presentation will cover two unique projects applying ammonia as a marine fuel. The first project regards the EU funded Ammonia2-4 consortium project. This entails a conversion of a large (13,100 TEU) container vessel to a two stroke dual-fuel engine suitable for both LNG and ammonia as primary fuel. Additionally, it also covers a concept design of an ammonia fuelled bulk carrier using four stroke dual-fuel engines.

The second project regards the conversion of an existing tug to a demonstrator vessel for the Amogy. It will demonstrate the Amogy power system in a marine application using ammonia as fuel in combination with PEMFCs.

In this talk we cover the newest results out of our NitroLabs in the electrochemical ammonia synthesis process, and our new 400 cm2 cell. We will also cover our journey from the lab and towards the end customer: the farmer.

The overwhelming majority of the industrial ammonia production today, is based on the Haber-Bosch process, which requires high pressures and high temperatures, favouring large centralized production facilities. These harsh conditions, in addition to the prerequisite steam reforming process, lead to about 1 % of the annual energy consumption and 1.3 % of the global CO2 emission. One way to mitigate some of the Haber-Bosch process is to produce ammonia electrochemically, utilizing renewable energy sources.

The only proven method to electrochemically synthesize ammonia is the lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction process. The actual mechanism is not fully understood, but it is generally believed that the first step is Li plating from a Li salt containing non-aqueous electrolyte. The metallic Li will react with N2 to form Li3N, which can be hydrogenated to ammonia when in contact with a proton source.

We will cover our newest work, wherein we use a flow cell-based system of geometric size 400 cm2 to achieve continuous production of ammonia. This lays the groundwork for upscaling the production to a stack and then to a container-sized system, thereby paving the way towards each farm having their own NitroBox providing green ammonia on demand, and securing resilience towards supply-chain disruptions for the farmer.

This presentation will provide an insight into the critical role of precious metals in the evolving hydrogen and ammonia economy. We will look at the fundamentals of how these metals, particularly ruthenium, are suited to ammonia cracking processes. We take a look at the effectiveness and properties of ruthenium in facilitating the cracking of ammonia and dispel some of the myths about the cost of ruthenium in this application.

In addition, the presentation will touch on Heraeus Precious Metals’ ongoing R&D and applications of next generation ammonia cracking catalysts, highlighting advances aimed at improving efficiency, reducing costs and improving environmental sustainability.

Ammonia is relatively new, toxic, perceived as dangerous and often even unwanted by the public. On the other hand, it is obvious that ports will play a significant driving and facilitating role in the energy transition.

RHDHV is globally supporting ports with formulating their energy transition vision, which is based on actual forecasted demand in port operations, industry, bunkering and export opportunities.

The way the required infrastructure is implemented in the available port space depends on:
– Functional interfacing between utilities, process facilities, port conditions and existing facilities. These interfaces will be clarified for the ammonia supply chain.
– Safety aspects for handling ammonia in a build environment, applying typical, general safety distances, which are based on actual QRA calculation results.
– Footprint of related industry, such as electrolyzers, storage, ammonia production facilities. In masterplanning phase typically no facility designs are available, so decisions shall be made on generically applicable and conservative facilities footprint.
– Current and planned (Marine) operations, which certainly should not be jeopardized

Several concrete (Anonymized) project examples (Port Masterplans) will be shown to practically support the described approach.

The presentation will cover the current status of electrolysis technology, with a special focus on Accelera’s PEM technology. It will also discuss the roadmap to scale up the product portfolio, manufacturing strategy, and electrolysis solutions for green ammonia plants. The presentation will highlight the main technical and commercial requirements for integrating electrolysis into green ammonia production.