Energy transition is in full motion, and especially ammonia as a hydrogen carrier looks as really promising but also challenging. Because of the toxic aspects, safety is an important factor in the use of ammonia. And as we see in the Netherlands, attention for the safety of the receiving terminal as prescribed in the PGS12 Best Available Technic only is not enough: safety aspects of the whole value chain have to be considered. My presentation gives an overview of the different chain elements and how to deal with the safety aspect.

Given the evolving energy landscape and the increased use of ammonia in the energy mix, it is imperative to focus on enhancing the knowledge and skills of firefighters and emergency responders in handling ammonia incidents. The crucial role of emergency response in this context is often overlooked but remains paramount.

Ammobia is technology company on a mission to feed and fuel our world with clean ammonia. Ammobia’s proprietary technology innovation enables cost-effective clean ammonia production across scales. In this presentation, Karen Baert will share more details about Ammobia’s technology, technology proof-points so far and what’s ahead.

Duiker’s ammonia hydrogen converter is the most advanced, highly energy-efficient and innovative ammonia cracking technology on the market. It is based on over a decade of experience that Duiker has in low NOx ammonia combustion. Join us during this presentation to understand the importance of taking a holistic view when choosing a catalyst for ammonia cracking.

Clean ammonia import in Europe is expected to increase over the next few years to satisfy the fertilizer market needs and the potential demand as fuel and energy carrier.

Infrastructures will have to be built to allow the import and distribution of clean ammonia, in particular the storage system will always be required as a buffer to stabilize operation.

However, large capacity storage located in populated areas shall address safety and public perception constraints as well as the limited availability of land and high construction costs.

The use of GBS may be a suitable alternative to the conventional onshore installations. The present paper compares the two options highlighting main key performance indicators.

In the near future, carbon based value chains will not longer be based solely on fossil feedstocks, but to a large extent on alternative carbon feedstocks like biomass and (biogenic) CO2 (e.g. captured from flue gases from waste-to-energy plants). CO2 as feedstock requires a large quantity of hydrogen for conversion, first to CO and syngas as intermediates and further to methanol and ultimately to materials and synthetic fuels. A major challenge is the source of the green hydrogen, and the associated costs, especially when produced in NW Europe. Therefore, green hydrogen will be imported from regions with affordable and abundantly available renewable energy (e.g. North Africa, Chili) in the form of a liquid hydrogen carrier, most probably as ammonia (NH3). Liquified ammonia will be received in ports in NW Europe where a part will be reformed back to hydrogen gas, as feedstock for chemical processes. Conversion of (biogenic) CO2 to CO as intermediate will be a major application that can be integrated with the reforming of ammonia to hydrogen in a single process, using the a chemical looping concept developed by TNO. This novel technology has benefits on cost and on composition and purity of the produced CO.

Technologies are ready, bright future for ammonia, given the biogenic carbon scarcity and competition by aviation and later merit order circular plastics.

Considering the global ambition for carbon neutrality a shift in the energy mix from present domination of carbon based fuel to energy efficiency and renewable energy is mandatory. Tractebel is a historical actor in energy and a frontrunner in low-carbon hydrogen and derivated molecules (ammonia, e-methanol, e-methane, e-kerosene, etc). For decarbonization green electrons based on renewable energy will be imported from different regions under the form of ammonia.

As in most regions the abundant renewable resources are variable the ammonia production should also be variable. The presentation will develop on the outcome of several pre-FEED studies and highlight some projects.

Industrial plant modularization represents one of the main drivers for competitiveness for clients and main contractors in the future decades. Casale is extensively using modularization for the green & blue ammonia and hydrogen plants. Benefit and drawback vs “stick-built” method will be analysed and discussed taking in consideration the specific aspects of our market sector. Modularization shall start at the very early stage of the project, together with process design activity. Typical workflow will be shown and explained. Casale experience on two projects: green ammonia with small modules and large modules is presented with figures and key factors.

The presentation will address the environmental monitoring requirements associated with ammonia cracking. The ammonia cracking process requires a DeNOx unit to mitigate NOx (NO+NO2) emissions. Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) a greenhouse gas will have implications in Europe, where it falls under the E.U. Emission Trading Scheme.
Greenhouse gases must be reported as a mass emission, whereas NOx emissions must meet specified limit values.
The presentation will also cover the different fuels considered to power the ammonia cracking process (ammonia, cracked off-gas, external fuels such as natural gas…)

NitroFix, a revolutionary company at the forefront of sustainable ammonia production. Leveraging breakthrough technology developed at Prof Ronny Neumann’s lab at the Weizmann Institute over the last decade, NitroFix has perfected a single-step electrochemical process that transforms water and air into ammonia, all while emitting zero emissions. This innovative approach not only prioritizes environmental stewardship but also ensures affordability, making green ammonia accessible even in remote locations where fertilizers are crucial.

In this work, we present a novel AI-based optimization approach of Power-to-ammonia projects. We demonstrate that the cost of green ammonia (LCOA) can be optimized by considering the location, desired production scale and flexibility of the technology used. The results challenge the conventional approach of enhancing economic results by maximizing energy utilization, highlighting the need for tailored location-based design solutions considering large periods (> 30 years) of historic data.