| Ammonia is amongst the best molecules for long-term large-scale hydrogen storage in terms of cost and energy efficiency. The existing logistical technologies such as tanks, compressors and safety systems makes it a very attractive molecule for large scale hydrogen consumers such as a decarbonized steel plant. In Europe, energy insecurity from renewable intermittence and import dependence is a main barrier for decarbonizing steel production, a critical raw material. Ammonia implemented effectively into green steel making, such as through the PW EASyMelt technology, can resolve both issues, making Europe more independent, and able to produce critical raw materials itself in an ecological way. Furthermore, having a large ammonia off-taker such as the steel industry, can drastically decrease costs for other sectors thanks to economies of scale in supply chain logistics. A key enabler for this ambition is the energy efficient decomposition of ammonia at large scale, which is studied in this investigation. The outcome allows one to assess the whole system, to quantify the achievable benefits Europe could gain through smart cross-sector integration of efficient and resilient green energy supply for power, food and steel. |